Publications and Scholarly Work · Leonard MacEachern

Selected work and what each contributes

IEEE TETCI · Early Access · 29 April 2026

A Spiking Neural Network Based Hough Transform Implementation for FPGAs

Aaron Yu, Arash Ahmadi, and Leonard MacEachern implement Hough-like line voting as a spiking network on a Zynq UltraScale+ FPGA. IEEE's abstract reports a kernel-transformed architecture whose hardware use is independent of image size up to the configured maximum: a 100 × 100 image is processed in 13 μs using 6.7 KiB of on-chip algorithm state. Relative to the cited FPGA comparisons it is reported as 2.2× faster with up to 86% less accumulator-equivalent memory; the CPU/GPU power comparisons are explicitly estimated and accompanied by reduced accuracy.

IEEE Xplore record ↗

ISSCS · Published · 2025

Low-Cost Spiking Networks on FPGA for Event-Based Gesture Detection

This work uses event-driven vision as a practical test of whether a small spiking architecture can retain useful classification behaviour under FPGA resource and energy constraints. It establishes a second application front for the hardware-SNN program alongside line and Hough-transform processing.

IEEE HPEC · Accepted record · 2023

Accelerating Training Data Generation Using Optimal Parallelization and Thread Counts

Jonathan Levine and Leonard MacEachern examine the often-overlooked systems problem behind hardware-aware learning: how to generate the data required for training and design exploration efficiently. The work connects parallel execution, workload structure, and reproducible accelerator research.

IEEE MWSCAS · Published · 2020

Configurable FPGA-Based Outlier Detection for Time Series Data

Ghazaleh Vazhbakht and Leonard MacEachern map configurable ARMA modelling and outlier detection to streaming FPGA hardware. The associated thesis reports 99% detection accuracy, 1.05% type-I error, 35 million points per second, and 1.14 W for the studied configuration—an early example of inference placed close to the data source.

Thesis record ↗

In-progress submissions

IEEE Embedded Systems Letters · Submitted 10 July 2026

Threshold-Based Batch Normalization for Integer-Only Binarized Neural Network Inference

Jonathan Levine and Leonard MacEachern. The work folds batch normalization and sign activation into integer thresholds for integer-only binarized-network inference, accompanied by a reproducible HLS implementation package.

IEEE Embedded Systems Letters · Submitted 12 June 2026

Numerically Stable Softmax at the Edge Using a RISC-V Accelerator for IoT Inference

Jesse Levine and Leonard MacEachern. The design uses max subtraction, a piecewise-linear exponential, wide accumulation, and reciprocal normalization to preserve stable probability normalization in a fixed-point edge accelerator.

HPEC 2026 Main Track · Paper 319 · Submitted 14 July 2026

Projection-Aware Approximation for Efficient AI Accelerators

Leonard MacEachern and Jonathon Levine. The paper sizes a replicated GELU bank according to error that remains after the following projection, then evaluates the selected and reference designs through mapped and routed 65 nm implementations.

Read the submitted abstract

Transformer accelerators replicate GELU across the expanded feed-forward vector, making coefficient precision a bank-wide hardware cost. We size the piecewise-linear tables and fixed-point coefficients by measuring how much approximation error remains after the GELU outputs pass through the following W₂ projection. For DistilGPT2, this criterion selects 24 segments with Q2.12 slopes rather than the 32-segment Q2.30 reference. Bit-exact banks are implemented in a TSMC 65-nm GP+ standard-cell flow using fully annotated gate-level switching activity. At 64 lanes, the selected bank reduces mapped cell area by 38.1% and energy per activation by 30.1% at the same 250-MHz target. Perplexity changes by -0.045%, with a paired interval excluding zero, while a less faithful uniform table lowers it further. This ordering is consistent with mild regularization on one checkpoint and corpus. We therefore use perplexity as a degradation guard while error after W₂ determines how closely the hardware reproduces the original model. Matched routed endpoints preserve the trend. These results apply to the replicated GELU bank rather than a complete feed-forward engine.

Publication catalogue

The catalogue below presents the complete normalized scholarly record, including entries for which complete DOI or venue metadata is not yet available in the catalogue.

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Year	Record	Type	Status
2026	Threshold-Based Batch Normalization for Integer-Only Binarized Neural Network Inference Jonathan Levine and Leonard MacEachern IEEE Embedded Systems Letters	journal article	Submitted · 10 Jul. 2026
2026	Projection-Aware Approximation for Efficient AI Accelerators Leonard MacEachern and Jonathon Levine 2026 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC)	conference paper	Submitted · 14 Jul. 2026 · HPEC paper 319
2026	Numerically Stable Softmax at the Edge Using a RISC-V Accelerator for IoT Inference Jesse Levine and Leonard MacEachern IEEE Embedded Systems Letters	journal article	Submitted · 12 Jun. 2026
2025	Low-Cost Spiking Networks on FPGA for Event-Based Gesture Detection A. Yu, A. Ahmadi, L. MacEachern 2025 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems (ISSCS)	conference paper	Published
2025	Linearity Improvement In Vernier Delay Chain Based Time Difference Amplifiers for Fluorescence Spectroscopy Leonard MacEachern and Niranjan Ramesh ISSCS 2005 International Conference on Signals, Circuits, and Systems	conference paper	Published
2026	A Spiking Neural Network Based Hough Transform Implementation for FPGAs Aaron Yu, Leonard MacEachern, Arash Ahmadi IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence	journal article	Published · Early Access · 29 Apr. 2026
2023	Spiking Neural Networks for the Parallel Hough Transform with a Focus on Hardware Implementation Ruihang Wang, Leonard MacEachern IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology	journal article	Revision Requested
2023	Detection of Counterfeit Accelerometer ICs Using Clustering and Unsupervised Machine Learning of Allan Variance Leonard MacEachern 2023 IEEE 66th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)	conference paper	Accepted
2023	Accelerating Training Data Generation Using Optimal Parallelization and Thread Counts Jonathan Levine, Leonard MacEachern 27th Annual IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Virtual Conference	conference paper	Accepted
2020	Configurable FPGA-Based Outlier Detection for Time Series Data Vazhbakht, Ghazaleh and Leonard MacEachern MWSCAS 2020: 63rd IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems	conference paper	Published
2019	Single ended computational SRAM bit-cell Kareer, Shobhit and MacEachern, Leonard and Groza, Voicu and Park, Jeongwon 2019 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems (ISSCS)	conference paper	Published
2018	Electrospinning Supercapacitors for Microelectronic Energy Storage Colin Fernandes, Leonard MacEachern, and Steven McGarry Material Research Society Spring Meeting 2018	conference paper	Published
2018	A High Resolution MCML-based Time-to-Digital Converter Implementation Tianshuo Zhao; Leonard MacEachern International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)	conference paper	Published
2017	On-die power grid broadband model determination using a priori narrowband measurements Leonard MacEachern; Xinjie Wang; Tad Kwasniewski International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)	conference paper	Published
2017	Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors MacEachern, Leonard and Manku, Tajinder RF and microwave semiconductor device handbook	book chapter	Publication record
2012	Distributed CMOS Bidirectional Amplifiers Broadbanding and Linearization Techniques Ziad El-Khatib, Leonard MacEachern, Samy A. Mahmoud Springer	book	Published
2011	Performance Evaluation and Enhancements of 42.7 Gb/s DWDM Transmission System Using Different Modulation Formats Ghoniemy, Samy; George, Karim F.; MacEachern, Leonard; Communication Networks and Services Research Conference (CNSR), 2011 Ninth Annual	conference paper	Published
2010	Linearised bidirectional distributed amplifier with 20 dB IM3 distortion reduction El-Khatib, Z. and MacEachern, L. and Mahmoud, S.A. Electronics Letters ; Electron. Lett. (UK)	journal article	Published
2010	Highly-linear CMOS cross-coupled compensator transconductor with enhanced tunability El-Khatib, Z. and MacEachern, L. and Mahmoud, S.A. Electronics Letters ; Electron. Lett. (UK)	journal article	Publication record
2010	CMOS interleaved distributed 2 × 3 matrix amplifier employing active post distortion and optimum gate bias linearization technique El-Khatib, Z.; MacEachern, L.; Mahmoud, S.A. Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE), 2010 23rd Canadian Conference on	conference paper	Published
2009	Semi-analytical semiconductor parameters extraction algorithm for optical link simulations Ghoniemy, S.S.A.; Mahmoud, S.; MacEachern, L. Laser and Fiber-Optical Networks Modeling, 2008. LFNM 2008. 9th International Conference on	conference paper	Published
2009	Optimum design of wideband compensated and uncompensated marchand baluns with step transformers Xu, Zhan and MacEachern, Leonard	conference paper	Publication record
2009	Optimum design of wideband compensated and uncompensated Marchand baluns with step transformers Zhan Xu and MacEachern, L. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques ; IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. (USA)	journal article	Published
2009	Multiple stage uncompensated Marchand balun with 7:1 bandwidth ratio on double side PCB Xu, Z.; MacEachern, L. Electronics Letters	journal article	Published
2009	LTCC-based ultra-wideband Linearly Tapered Slot Antenna design guidelines, El-Khatib, Ziad and MacEachern, Leonard and Mahmoud, Samy A. Radar Conference, 2009. EuRAD 2009. European	conference paper	Published
2009	Fully-integrated multi-band tunable linearized CMOS active analog phase shifter with active loss compensation for multiple antenna wireless transceiver applications El-Khatib, Z.; MacEachern, L.; Mahmoud, S.A. ISCAS 2009. IEEE International Symposium on	conference paper	Published
2009	Design enhancement of miniature lumped-element LTCC bandpass filters Brzezina, G. and Roy, L. and MacEachern, L. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques ; IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. (USA)	journal article	Publication record
2009	Design enhancement of miniature lumped-element LTCC bandpass filters Brzezina, Greg and Roy, Langis and MacEachern, Leonard	conference paper	Publication record
2009	CMOS distributed paraphase amplifier employing derivative superposition linearization for wireless communications El-Khatib, Z.; MacEachern, L.; Mahmoud, S.A. MWSCAS '09. 52nd IEEE International Midwest Symposium on	conference paper	Published
2009	CMOS distributed active power splitter with multiple-gated transistor linearization for ultra-wideband applications El-Khatib, Ziad; MacEachern, Leonard; Mahmoud, Samy A. Microsystems and Nanoelectronics Research Conference	conference paper	Published
2009	Adaptive predistortion of lasers using multivariable feedback algorithm Xu, Z. and MacEachern, L. Electronics Letters ; Electron. Lett. (UK)	journal article	Published
2009	A fully-integrated linearized CMOS distributed amplifier based on Multi-Tanh principle for radio over fiber and ultra-wideband applications El-Khatib, Z.; MacEachern, L.; Mahmoud, S.A. Radio and Wireless Symposium, 2009. RWS '09. IEEE	conference paper	Published
2008	Time evolution of the voltage-controlled signal in charge pump PLL applications Milicevic, Sinisa and MacEachern, Leonard	conference paper	Publication record
2008	Improvement of carrier power to third-order intermodulation distortion power ratio in CMOS distributed amplifiers El-Khatib, Z. and MacEachern, L. and Mahmoud, S.A.	conference paper	Publication record
2008	Fully-integrated CMOS bidirectional distributed amplifier as tunable active duplexer for wireless transceiver applications El-Khatib, Ziad; MacEachern, Leonard; Mahmoud, Samy A. Microsystems and Nanoelectronics Research Conference, 2008. MNRC 2008. 1st	conference paper	Published
2008	Digital compensation of DAC mismatches in multibit delta-sigma ADCs Gagnon, G. and MacEachern, L. Electronics Letters ; Electron. Lett. (UK)	journal article	Publication record
2008	Active inductor symbolic analysis MacEachern, Leonard and Olszewski, Dan and Mahmoud, Samy	conference paper	Publication record
2008	A predistortion circuit design technique for high performance analogue optical transmission Xu, Zhan; MacEachern, Leonard Microsystems and Nanoelectronics Research Conference, 2008. MNRC 2008. 1st	conference paper	Published
2008	A novel digitally controlled low noise ring oscillator Kuendiger, Till; Chen, Fang; MacEachern, Leonard; Mahmoud, Samy Circuits and Systems, 2008. ISCAS 2008. IEEE International Symposium on	conference paper	Published
2008	A fully-integrated linearized CMOS bidirectional distributed amplifier as UWB active circulator El-Khatib, Ziad and MacEachern, Leonard and Mahmoud, Samy A.	conference paper	Publication record
2008	A Phase-Frequency Detector and a Charge Pump Design for PLL Applications Sinisa Milicevic, and Leonard MacEachern Circuits and Systems, 2008. ISCAS 2008. IEEE International Symposium on	conference paper	Published
2008	A 10-bit low-power SAR ADC with a tunable series attenuation capacitor Filipovic, Lado and MacEachern, Leonard	conference paper	Publication record
2007	System-level design aspects of a DAC calibration technique for bandpass delta-sigma modulators Gagnon, G. and MacEachern, L.	conference paper	Publication record
2007	Semiconductor laser diode model implementation including optical back-reflection Mokhtar, A. and MacEachern, L. and Mahmoud, S.	conference paper	Publication record
2007	Frequency of oscillation of a cross-coupled CMOS VCO with resistor tail biasing Milicevic, Sinisa and MacEachern, Leonard	conference paper	Publication record
2007	Frequency of oscillation for a multi-band voltage controlled ring oscillator Milicevic, S. and MacEachern, L. and Mahmoud, S.	conference paper	Publication record
2007	Frequency dividers implementing custom cells with resistor tail bias Milicevic, Sinisa and MacEachern, Leonard	conference paper	Publication record
2007	Continuous compensation of binary-weighted DAC nonlinearities in bandpass delta-sigma modulators Gagnon, Ghyslain and MacEachern, Leonard	conference paper	Publication record
2007	A nanowatt successive approximation ADC with offset correction for implantable sensor applications Abdelhalim, K. and MacEachern, L. and Mahmoud, S.	conference paper	Publication record
2007	A nanowatt successive approximation ADC with a calibrated capacitor array for biomedical applications Abdelhalim, Karim and MacEachern, Leonard and Mahmoud, Samy	conference paper	Publication record
2007	A miniature LTCC bandpass filter using novel resonators for GPS applications Brzezina, G. and Roy, L. and MacEachern, L.	conference paper	Publication record
2006	Planar antennas in LTCC technology with transceiver integration capability for ultra-wideband applications Brzezina, Grzegorz and Roy, Langis and MacEachern, Leonard IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques	journal article	Publication record
2006	LTCC ultra-wideband antenna with transceiver integration capability Brzezina, G.M. and Roy, L. and MacEachern, L.	conference paper	Publication record
2006	Isolator-free DFB laser diode operating in feedback Regime V Mokhtar, Ayman and MacEachern, Leonard and Mahmoud, Samy	conference paper	Publication record
2006	A nanowatt bandgap voltage reference for ultra-low power applications Miller, Scott and MacEachern, Leonard	conference paper	Publication record
2006	A nanowatt ADC for ultra low power applications Abdelhalim, Karim and MacEachern, Leonard and Mahmoud, Samy	conference paper	Publication record
2006	A broadband monopole using LTCC technology for WLAN applications Brzezina, G.M. and Ye, Q. and Roy, L. and MacEachern, L.	conference paper	Publication record
2005	A CMOS ultra-wideband LNA utilizing a frequency-controlled feedback technique Soliman, Yasser and MacEachern, Leonard and Roy, Langis	conference paper	Publication record
2004	Analytical expressions, modeling, and simulations of intensity and frequency fluctuations in directly modulated semiconductor lasers Ghoniemy, Samy and MacEachern, Leonard and Mahmoud, Samy Optical Engineering	journal article	Publication record
2004	Adaptable MOS current mode logic for use in a multi-band RF prescaler Houlgate, M.P. and Olszewski, D.J. and Abdelhalim, K. and MacEachern, L.	conference paper	Publication record
2004	A precision CMOS analog cubing circuit Shearer, Fiona and MacEachern, Leonard	conference paper	Publication record
2004	A differential active pixel sensor MacEachern, L.	conference paper	Publication record
2004	A 0.1-12 GHz fully differential CMOS distributed amplifier employing a feedforward distortion cancellation technique El-Khatib, Ziad and MacEachern, Leonard and Mahmoud, Samy A.	conference paper	Publication record
2003	Semiconductor laser distortion improvement for high performance analog optical transmission Ghoniemy, S. and MacEachern, L. and Mahmoud, S.	conference paper	Publication record
2003	Performance analysis and enhancement of Rf/Fiber optical interface for microcellular wireless transceivers Ghoniemy, Samy and MacEachern, Leonard and Mahmoud, Samy	conference paper	Publication record
2003	Indirect conversion multi-band radios MacEachern, L.	conference paper	Publication record
2003	Implications of laser nonlinearity on the performance of integrated analog wireless/optical networks: Modeling, simulation and measurements Ghoniemy, S. and MacEachern, L. and Mahmoud, S.	conference paper	Publication record
2003	Extended robust semiconductor laser modeling for analog optical link simulations Ghoniemy, S. and MacEachern, L. and Mahmoud, S. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics ; IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. (USA)	journal article	Publication record
2003	Extended Robust Semiconductor Laser Modeling for Analog Optical Link Simulations Ghoniemy, Samy and MacEachern, Leonard and Mahmoud, Samy	conference paper	Publication record
2003	Design, simulation and measurements of RF/fiber optical interface for integrated wireless/optical networks Ghoniemy, S. and MacEachern, L. and Mahmoud, S.	conference paper	Publication record
2003	Analytical expressions, modeling, and simulations of intensity and frequency fluctuations in directly modulated semiconductor lasers Ghoniemy, S. and MacEachern, L. and Mahmoud, S.	conference paper	Publication record
2003	Adaptable performance MOS current mode logic for use in a 3GHz programmable frequency divider Houlgate, M.P. and Olszewski, D.J. and Abdelhalim, K. and MacEachern, L.	conference paper	Publication record
2002	Large signal laser modeling for analog communications Ghoniemy, S. and MacEachern, L. and Mahmoud, S.	conference paper	Publication record
2002	Enhanced large signal laser modeling including thermal effects for analog communications Ghoniemy, S. and MacEachern, L. and Mahmoud, S.	conference paper	Publication record
2002	Comprehensive Modeling of Semiconductor Lasers Including the Effect of Gain Saturation Ghoniemy, S. and Maceachern, L. and Mahmoud, S.	conference paper	Publication record
2000	Novel indirect-conversion transceiver architectures using phantom oscillators MacEachern, L. and Manku, T.	conference paper	Publication record
2000	Metal-Over-Gate MOSFET modeling for radio frequency IC applications MacEachern, Leonard and Manku, Tajinder	conference paper	Publication record
1998	Genetic algorithms for active contour optimization MacEachern, L.A. and Manku, T.	conference paper	Publication record
1998	A charge-injection method for Gilbert cell biasing NacEachern, L.A. and Manku, T.	conference paper	Publication record
1998	A DC method for measuring all the gate capacitors in MOS devices with atto-farad resolution Manku, T. and MacEachern, L. IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing	journal article	Publication record

Patents and inventions

The patent record spans wearable sensing and activity intelligence, RF and mixed-signal conversion, oscillator and delay circuits, and related implementation methods.

2020 · 10,575,760